Early to Bed Free Essays

Right on time to Bed April seventeenth 2013 Section 1 It’s not surprising you can hear the planks of flooring squeak, the latrine flush, and the sound of the first shoe drop to the floor from your neighbor at 1 a. m. in your condo, and you might be one of them. We will compose a custom article test on Right on time to Bed or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now These days numerous individuals keep awake until late, particularly for those individuals who have variable rest plans, for example, college understudies. College understudies as a rule change their rest plans because of considering, working professionally, or working for long range informal communication (e. g. liquor and caffeine utilization). Keeping awake until late as a rule prompts lacking rest, and this circumstance is predominant among college understudies. As indicated by a review done by Leon C. Need Ph. D. in the diary â€Å"Delayed Sleep and Sleep Loss in University Students†, â€Å"A test of 211 college first-year brain research students†¦ represented about half of the all out enlistment in the course†¦ about half of the example griped of inadequate rest and assessed requiring 30 minutes more rest on the normal to feel rested. (Lakc, 2010) Moreover, the creator likewise understood the linkage between keeping awake until late and the deficient rest, â₠¬Å"Delayed rest design probably emerges from a deferral in their endogenous organic rhythms that makes trouble in nodding off early enough to get adequate rest before vital weekday early daytime arousing. † (Lakc, 2010) Both deferred rest and lacking rest can cause genuine sound issues, and furthermore influence one’s working efficiency. In light of the Journal named â€Å"Pathways to juvenile wellbeing rest guideline and behavior† by Ronald E Dahl, M. D. â€Å"There is mounting proof that lack of sleep has its most prominent negative impacts on the control of conduct, feeling, and attention†¦ the most clear direct wellbeing outcomes of inadequate rest are high-chance practices related with substance misuse and car crashes. † (Dahl, 2002) Delayed rest may irritate one’s circadian musicality, and further lead to postponed rest stage issue. Deficient rest may cause enthusiastic vacillation, which further influence your long range informal communi cation connections since being worn out for the most part implies being crotchety. Understudies generally imagine that they are increasingly gainful around evening time, owever the fact of the matter is inverse. People aren’t used to stating up late, in the ideal circumstance, in view of an article from CNN Health, â€Å"we ascend in the first part of the day and after around 16 hours of alertness we are sluggish and we hit the sack and rest for eight hours† (Shives, 2010) Staying up basically implies we think carefully so seriously in any event, when our minds are prepared for a rest. During the weekdays, deferred rest and lacking rest cause us to feel tired in the daytime, and it is hard for understudies to be gathered in classes, at that point further influence students’ scholastic exhibitions. The advantages of resting early are self-evident. Hitting the sack early encourages us keep up the request for circadian mood and guarantees the nature of rest around evening time. In view of Dahl’s diary, â€Å"Sleep seems, by all accounts, to be especially significant during times of cerebrum development. † (Dahl, 2002) Sleeping is the way toward reestablishing our cerebrum, we would be increasingly gainful, concentrated, and certain about our work during daytime. Dozing early methods we can have additional time toward the beginning of the day. Changing and keep up rest plan is a constant procedure. It is difficult to achieve all the progressions short-term. So as to effectively switch rest calendar to ideal circumstance, we ought to know the sound issues got from postponed rest, distinguish an objective conduct with an individual exploration, set attainable and gradual objectives as time passes by, lastly reward your prosperity. Area 2 As a lesser year college understudy at business college, both my scholarly and individual life have been caught up with, being profitable is one of the central point that let me endure. I frequently kept awake until late to complete work since I thought giving up rest made more opportunity for work, and afterward I could stay up to date with my timetable. Be that as it may, things just went in opposition to my desires. Above all else, remaining up shorted my rest time, which prompted lacking rest time. At that point I needed to utilize espresso to battle for exhaustion and sleepiness, however my efficiency despite everything kept low during classes. So as to make up for lost time what I left during the classes, I needed to invest more energy to concentrate outside. After I completed all my schoolwork, it was ordinarily around 1 a. m. , however the drag impact of caffeine kept me awakening around then. My every day life was a horrible winding and I discovered my body responses eased back down genuinely and intellectually, my movement was sickly and even influenced the relationship with my better half. In this manner, the principle reason I’ve picked to rest early is expanding my efficiency and disposing of weariness and sleepiness without caffeine. So as to streamline my rest plan, I composed a three-phase target plan: The main stage (3/30 to 4/15), I hit the sack at 12:00 a. m. furthermore, woke up not surprisingly; the subsequent stage (4/15 to 4/30), I hit the hay at 12:00 a. m. furthermore, woke up 30 minutes ahead of schedule not surprisingly; the third stage (After 4/30), I hit the sack at 11:00 p. m. furthermore, woke up one hour ahead of schedule. A large portion of a month has passed, despite the fact that I am in the subsequent stage, yet I do have a few advances that advantage for my day by day life. Setting a fixed opportunity to hit the hay compels me to deal with my time all the more adequately. In particular, resting early gives me more vitality in daytime, and now I can keep my cerebrum working without caffeine even I wake up thirty minutes ahead of schedule than previously. My profitability is improving, and the greatest change is I can keep myself in the same spot with teacher in addresses essentially in light of the fact that I have enough vitality to think more and interface intellectually. By and by, things won’t change for the time being, and I do experience a few troubles during my conduct evolving. Up until this point, the greatest test has been my propensity for keeping awake in my sub-awareness. During weekdays, as long as my timetable becomes busy, I will have the plan to defer rest break of propensity even those assignments are not earnest; in ends of the week, parties are alluring for me and a large portion of them last until late night. Be straightforward, I didn't meet my momentary objective multiple times up until this point. Arriving at my definitive objective isn't simple, and I am actualizing a few systems ideally to keep myself destined for success. As a matter of first importance, I think isolating my arrangement into three transient stages makes my arrangement as a persistent improvement that is simpler to achieve and urges me to continue; second, finding a change specialist is significant. My better half is my change specialist, and she has helped me to act with the models I set intently. One preferred position of picking my better half as the operator is I need to hear her out request since I would prefer not to annoy her. Despite the fact that I’ve not arrived at my definitive objective yet, some potential long haul advantages can be watched. As a matter of first importance, I will be progressively beneficial in my scholastic execution. Resting early gives my body an ideal circadian musicality which gives me a high caliber and adequate rest around evening time. Thus, I will have plentiful of vitality to deal with my bustling college life. In addition, adequate vitality will empower me to adjust my scholarly life and individual life all the more sensibly, and afterward I will have an extraordinary energy to keep up my private relationship with my better half and my informal communication. To wrap things up, adequate rest will give me a sound life that will be the highest establishment for my body wellbeing in my future life. Area 3 By assessing my diary passages for the past a large portion of a month, in whole, I followed my stage momentary objective in weekdays. Meeting the momentary objective in each stage is simpler in weekdays on the grounds that my class plan is generally fixed. By and by, meeting the objective in ends of the week has been the troublesome part. As I referenced in the last area, going to parties held in ends of the week last late made me out of my arranged track. Besides, since I was utilized to keep awake until late for quite a while, some of the time I despite everything consider remaining up is an approach to loosen up myself. Concerning the difference in enthusiastic procedure, at the earliest reference point, I even felt restless when I hit the sack without finishing my errands of course, and this feeling impeded me to nod off. Luckily, as I redesigned my undertakings need comparing to my ahead of schedule to bed plan, and that on edge feeling has not, at this point been an issue. The following is a preview of my following diagram. Cells with yellow filling demonstrate end of the week days, and times in red text style show bombing achievements. Works Cited Lakc, L. C. (2010). Deferred Sleep and Sleep Loss in University Students. Diary of American College Health , 105. Dahl, R. E. (2002). Pathways to juvenile wellbeing rest guideline and conduct. Diary of Adolescent Hleath , 10-11. Shives, L. (2010, 11 30). Get Some Sleep: Are you an evening person? Here’s why. Recovered 4 17, 2013, from CNN Health: http://thechart. online journals. cnn. com/2010/11/30/get-some-rest evening person its-a-genuine condition/ Step by step instructions to refer to Early to Bed, Papers

Global Awareness on AIDS Essay

(AIDS) is brought about by HIV, an infection that can be passed from individual to individual through sexual liquids blood and bosom milk. Worldwide most of HIV diseases are transmitted through sex among people, and half of all grown-ups living with HIV are ladies. Certain gatherings of individuals have been especially influenced and these incorporate infusing drug clients, sex laborers and men who engage in sexual relations with men. Slave exchange has been a continuous business connection between various nations during the only remaining century and has permitted the HIV infection to be spread universally. Despite the fact that HIV and AIDS are found in all pieces of the world, a few territories are more beset than others. The most noticeably awful influenced district is sub-Saharan Africa, where in a couple of nations more than one of every five grown-ups is tainted with HIV. The pandemic is spreading most quickly in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, where the quantity of individua ls living with HIV expanded by 250 percent somewhere in the range of 2001 and 2010. Numerous Western nations, for example, the UK, have expanding paces of HIV transmission through hetero sex. In America, where in excess of a million people are living with HIV, hetero sex represents 33% of new analyses. (Turning away HIV and AIDS, 2011) Although it is realized how to forestall and treat HIV and AIDS, too barely any individuals approach the important administrations. With access to anticipation instruments, for example, HIV training, condoms, clean needles, and projects to forestall mother-to-youngster transmission the scourge is improving in certain nations. (Focal point of Disease Control and Prevention, 2014) Political and social mentalities are huge with respect to counteraction: for instance a few specialists are against condom advancement, while others will not bolster needle trades for infusing drug clients. Many are hesitant to furnish youngsters with satisfactory instruction about sex and sexual wellbeing. Another intense issue is separation. Individuals known to be living with HIV are regularly disregarded or mishandled by network individuals, businesses and even wellbeing laborers. Just as causing a lot of individual torment, this kind of bias disheartens individuals from looking for HIV testing, treatment and care, subverting endeavors to forestall and treat HIV and AIDS. As of late as the 1970s, individuals didn't know about this des tructive sickness. From that point forward the worldwide HIV/AIDS scourge has gotten perhaps the best danger to human wellbeing and improvement. During this time look into has been performed universally with respect to the study of HIV and AIDS, asâ well as how to forestall and treat the malady. In 2011, an estimated16.8 billion dollars was spent on research, counteraction and treatment of HIV and AIDS in the United States alone, and 26 billion dollars universally. (Sidibe, 2012) There is still no solution for HIV yet HIV treatment has improved massively since the mid-1990s. HIV-constructive individuals who take a blend of antiretroviral medications can hope to recuperate their wellbeing and live for a long time without creating AIDS, as long as they continue consuming the medications consistently. References: Turning away HIV and AIDS. (2011, June). Recovered from avert.org. Focus of Disease Control and Prevention. (2014, January 7). Recovered from www.cdc.gov. Sidibe, M. (2012). UNAIDS Executive Director. UNAIDS, 6-12.

8 Tough Sales Job Interview Questions and How to Answer Them

8 Tough Sales Job Interview Questions and How to Answer Them Job interviews are full of questions that range from the simple to the hard and tricky.Each industry is a little different and in this guide, you’ll get to examine eight of the toughest sales job interview questions. You will learn:The reasoning behind the question,The tips for answering in style,The things you must avoid in your reply, andThe example answers to each question.So, let’s get started!WHY DO YOU WANT TO WORK IN SALES?Why is the question asked?The question is a popular question that might look rather simple on the outset.It’s about understanding your motivation for the industry.The hiring manager wants to know whether you are passionate about the position and driven to succeed in the industry or if you are just attending another job interview to pass time.How to answer it?The perfect answer to this question is an answer told in a story format. You want to essentially tell a story of the moment you first fell in love with the sales industry and how you’ve moved for ward pursuing your dream.You want to illustrate the key things you love about sales â€" especially in terms of the opportunities this role would provide you with.Indeed, it’s a good idea to venture briefly into your career goals and where you see yourself in the future â€" focusing on the potential opportunities available in the company.What should you avoid when answering the question?There are three answers you must avoid when answering this question. It’s essential that you:Don’t make it about money. Employers understand everyone works to be paid at the end of the day but if it’s your only driver and passion, you won’t make a good impression.Don’t make it about convenience. You can’t make it seem like the job opportunity is good because the workplace is close to you or the job is easy enough.Don’t make it about necessity. You probably do need to find some work to pay the bills but you can’t sound desperate and make it sound like the job’s your only solutions.I love the sales industry because it gives me an opportunity to be around different people. I love the challenge of getting customers on your side and helping them overcome problems. I’m a big people-person and I love the interaction with different types of people. The industry offers me plenty of opportunities to progress and to challenge myself â€" I really hope to be a senior sales management within a few years.WHAT IS YOUR MOTIVATION TO WORK IN SALES?Why is the question asked?This is another question to delve deeper into your motivation and drive.The hiring manager is looking to see whether you have the passion to succeed in the role and if you are hungry for the role.Employers are always looking for motivated personnel, not just someone random to perform, but to shine.Furthermore, your motivation can help the hiring manager understand if you’re a good fit. Your answer can highlight your match to the company culture or show the lack of alignment of values.How to answer it?Foc us on your positive attributes as a salesperson and the gratification you get from working as a sales representative.You want to highlight tasks that would be key to succeeding in your role. It shows you understand what the role is about and shows you are motivated in succeeding in those particular areas.You can also tie the answer with the company’s business culture, especially if this is specific.For example, if the organization is focused on sustainability, you could talk about the opportunities sales have in changing people’s opinions about sustainability and helping people to conserve our planet.What should you avoid when answering the question?Similarly to the previous question, you don’t want to make your answer about money.It never sounds professional and it doesn’t convince the hiring manager that you want to work in that particular role.It can get them to think you’re just motivated by money and therefore, you’d leave if a more lucrative offer came about.Avoid being vague, too. You don’t want to just blabber on about how sales is a nice industry and you like people.You want to have a specific reason and an example of a situation that appeals to you in the industry.I am constantly motivated by the challenge of making a sale. The success of finding potential clients and then landing them is thrilling. I like planning the sales pitch and finding those customer pain points that I can then solve with the product.WHAT’S MORE IMPORTANT FOR SALES: A QUALITY PRODUCT OR EXCELLENT CUSTOMER SERVICE?Why is the question asked?This question is all about figuring out how well you understand the sales industry and the company you are interviewing for.The hiring manager wants to know if you understand the vision and the values of the company.Your answer will also help the hiring manager to know if you know the essence of sales â€" what’s the balance and the integrity of making a sale.How to answer it?You should do some research in order to have an id ea of the company culture and the emphasis they put on customer service and quality product.Your answer should be built around the equilibrium of both â€" you want to highlight how both qualities are important. Venture little on the importance of each and the interconnectedness of both.Indeed, you need both aspects in order to make a good sale â€"with your answer you can show your understanding of the importance of having a good product to sell because it makes customer service easier.What should you avoid when answering the question?You should never pick one or the other unless you are certain that’s what the employer prefers (the information is on their website, for example).Even if you lean on either option, you need to avoid making the other sound irrelevant.I think both things are important and support each other. Customer service is much easier when you are selling a quality product. However, you won’t be able to make a sale if you don’t respect and treat your customers right. I always try to start with good customer service but also ensuring the product I’m selling is worth it to the customer. Listening to customer feedback is important.WHAT DO YOU DISLIKE THE MOST ABOUT SALES?Why is the question asked?Focusing on the negative aspects is another crucial way of checking your knowledge of the industry.No industry is perfect and the hiring manager wants to know if you have a realistic view of the industry.For example, they want to know if you understand the downside of selling things, which is getting rejected.It is, essentially, a question about your ability to cope with everything that comes with the industry.If you seem clearheaded and knowledgeable, the hiring manager won’t question your motivation to succeed in the role.How to answer it?Pick a smaller aspect of sales that’s something unavoidable but which you feel you can handle because of your passion for sale.You want to talk more in terms of frustration in how things are rather than hat ing some aspect of sales.For example, rather than talking how you dislike explaining the same thing over and over again, you could say you get frustrated by sales falling flat.However, you can also continue by stating that this is normal in the industry and you can’t always make a sale.What should you avoid when answering the question?When answering the question, you must avoid three problematic answers:You shouldn’t pick a specific type of sales job (such as cold calling) or a specific aspect of the job (having to give a pitch and then no one buys the product). Even if these are not directly involved with the job you’re applying for, it will still look unprofessional and cause the hiring manager to wonder if you want the job.Focusing on just the negative aspects of the job (long days or something similar).In addition, you do not want to dodge the answer. You might think you’re being clever by saying “nothing about sales is bad” but you’ll just look inauthentic.  I som etimes get frustrated when the sales process is tampered by third parties â€" not all sales that fall flat are the fault of the company I work for. This can be frustrating because the customer anger is generally directed at the company they want to buy from. However, with good communication skills, you can avoid this turning into a big problem.WHAT IS YOUR SALES STRATEGY?Why is the question asked?You have another opportunity to showcase your expertise in the sales industry with this question.It’s often asked in order to check what kind of salesperson you are â€" whether you know the secrets of persuading people and the ethical lines you shouldn’t cross, for example.In a more specific sense, the hiring manager often wants to check whether you understand the company’s goals. Your answer can tell whether you understand the difference between short-term and long-term sales goals and if you are able to align your strategies with the company’s objectives.How to answer it?You need to respond by explaining briefly how the sales process works from making a lad to closing the sale.It’s a good idea to go into the specifics and make your answer about how you’ve approached each stage in the past and what are your strengths in finishing a sale.The key things to mention in your answer include things like your:Planning processPreparationTargeting of customersEngaging the customersDiscovering their needsProviding solutions to customersResolving objections they might haveGaining an agreement and making a saleWhat should you avoid when answering the question?You need to avoid making your answer sound too vague.It’s a good idea to include an actual example of your behavior rather than blabbering on about the industry’s strategies in general.As a rule of thumb, don’t give a textbook answer from your schoolbooks but put the theoretical strategy to life in the real world.I always begin by learning a little about the customer. I want to understand what their pain po ints are and how the product I’m selling could help them. When talking to customers, I try to listen to their objections and provide arguments for buying the product. This all required me to know the product inside out â€" I always want to thoroughly research and test the products I’m selling.WHAT DO YOU THINK ARE THE QUALITIES OF A GOOD SALESPERSON?Why is the question asked?The hiring manager wants to check if you know what it takes to work in the industry.You are tested in your understanding of the industry in general and the position in question.The question is a research check â€" do you understand what the company is looking for and are you the right person for the role?How to answer it?As mentioned, you definitely want to highlight the qualities the employer mentioned in the job description.You want to highlight those keywords and create an image of the ideal salesperson in terms of what the company wants and what you have to offer.Don’t be afraid to give examples in the light of your own actions. You can present a characteristic and showcase the reason you think it’s important through an example of your own past experience.This gives you a great chance of not just showing you understand the industry but how you fit into it.What should you avoid when answering the question?The most important thing is to avoid listing any qualities you do not have. The hiring manager might well continue the question by asking if you fit those characteristics and you’ll be in trouble if you pointed out skills you don’t have.You also shouldn’t focus too much on skills the company wasn’t looking for. It’s a good idea to keep in mind the skills and qualifications in the job description and to simply expand those a bit.I believe the best salespersons are passionate about their job and the product. A good salesperson ensures customers are thoroughly informed and they receive good customer service. WHAT IS YOUR MOST SIGNIFICANT SALES ACHIEVEMENT TO DATE?Why is the question asked?When you are asked about your sales achievements, the hiring manager is looking to know a little more about you and especially your sales experience.It’s not just about boasting about your achievements.The hiring manager will be interested in knowing how your personal career objectives align with the company’s vision.How to answer it?You want to focus on talking about an event that is relevant to the position in question. If you can highlight an achievement that’s directly relevant to the position, you can showcase your true potential to the hiring manager.When you are answering the question, it’s important to tell it like a story and not just blurb out how you won an award or something similar.You want to paint a step-by-step walkthrough of the event. You can follow the simple formula:Outline what the problem or the situation was.Introduce the people and key players involved in the situation.Explain what you tried to do in order to resolve the issue.Highl ight the actions you took.Present the result and focus on the impact your actions had.Emphasize the reason you feel proud of the way you handled the situation and why you think it has been a significant achievement in your career.What should you avoid when answering the question?You do not want to provide an answer to the questions without also using a relevant example. This means you don’t want to imagine this answer or talk about an achievement outside of the sales world â€" stick to the truth and pick something you felt proud of achieving.Furthermore, don’t forget to quantify your achievement. For example, don’t just tell the hiring manager how proud you were to increase the sales in the department but say by how much you did it.Whenever you can use a number (monetary amount, percentage, timeline, grade, etc.) you should do that.I was asked to implement a new sales pitch in our department and help the new trainees to learn it in order to boost sales. I spent a couple of day s perfecting the pitch, getting input from the management team about the changes I made. I then started going through it with the trainees, taking their ideas and refining the pitch. I created a six-step strategy and an online course for learning the pitch, which received a lot of praise from my manager. In the end, the new pitch ended up increasing sales by 10% in its first month. HOW DO YOU HANDLE REJECTION AND FAILURE?Why is the question asked?Rejection and failure are part of the sales industry and the hiring manager wants to know whether you understand this.They want to know you are able to deal with these issues appropriately and realistically.The hiring manager doesn’t want to offer the job to someone with a head in the sand mentality â€" they want you to be able to be realistic about the challenges.But the question is also about your attitude towards moving forward after failure.The hiring manager is not just looking for the instant reaction but also how you’ve been able to learn from it â€" or to know if you haven’t!How to answer it?It’s important to be honest and candid â€" you can show humility and empathy here. You need to understand the hiring manager knows we’ve all failed so you don’t want to think you must sugarcoat everything.A good formula for answering this question is to:State your goals and the reason for pursuing them. Explain why you thought it was important to reach a certain outcome.Outline the steps you took to achieve the goal.Explain the outcome that took place and how you failed to meet those goals you’d set.Examine the reasons you feel were behind the failure.Highlight the actions you took to rectify the situation and to move past the failure.The key to a good answer is to avoid dramatizing the failure or going on about it for too long. You don’t want to dwell on that for too long but instead, focus on the lessons you’ve learned from the mistake.You want to tell the hiring manager what the experience taught you a nd how you’ve tried to ensure the same failure doesn’t happen again.What should you avoid when answering the question?First, it’s important to avoid picking a rejection that’s not really a rejection.This doesn’t mean it has to be earth shattering but failing to boil a pot of coffee to your teammates is not significant.The hiring manager will either think you don’t understand what failure is or that you are trying to hide something.You also do not want to blame others for the rejection or failure. Never say it was really the customer’s fault or that you just weren’t given enough opportunities to get it right by the previous employer.Take responsibility â€" even if you don’t share all the blame.Losing a sale, especially at the last minute is disappointing. But I think a key to being a good salesperson is to avoid taking this failure personally. I try to learn why the sale failed and listen to the customer’s reasoning. This can help me improve my technique and help develop the product further as well.ANSWERING TOUGH SALES QUESTIONS â€" WHAT TO REMEMBERThe above are eight examples of tough sales job interview questions.It’s important to spend enough time preparing yourself for the interview â€" you want to research the company and the job position to ensure you highlight your compatibility with them in each of your answers.When answering the questions, stick to the truth and be concise.Don’t keep blabbering or and if you need, ask the interviewer to repeat the question in order to buy some time and gather your thoughts.Don’t rush your answers and while it’s a good idea to jot down ideas for the common questions, don’t try to learn answers word to word.

Simple Fermer (to Close) Verb Conjugations in French

In French, the verb  fermer  means to close. To make this infinitive verb more useful and construct complete sentences, we need to conjugate it. This lesson will show you how thats done so you can use it in the form of closed or closing, among other simple verb forms. Conjugating the French Verb  Fermer Among all the French verb conjugations, those that end in -er  are the easiest to conjugate for the simple fact that there are so many of them.  Fermer  is a  regular -ER verb  and it follows the same pattern as  fà ªter  (to celebrate),  donner  (to give), and countless others. It becomes easier with each new verb you learn. Identifying the verb stem is always the first step in conjugations. For  fermer  that is  ferm-. To this, we add a variety of infinitive endings that pair the subject pronoun with the appropriate tense for the sentence. For instance, I am closing is je ferme and we will close is nous fermerons. It will definitely help your  memory if you  practice these in context. Subject Present Future Imperfect je ferme fermerai fermais tu fermes fermeras fermais il ferme fermera fermait nous fermons fermerons fermions vous fermez fermerez fermiez ils ferment fermeront fermaient The Present Participle of  Fermer The  present participle  of fermer  is  fermant. This is formed by adding -ant  to the verb stem. Its an adjective as well as a verb, noun, or gerund. The Past Participle and Passà © Composà © The  passà © composà ©Ã‚  is a common way to express the past tense closed in French. To construct this, begin with the subject pronoun and a conjugation of the  auxiliary verb  avoir, then add the  past participle  fermà ©. For example, I closed is jai fermà © while we closed is nous avons fermà ©. More Simple  Fermer  Conjugations to Learn When the act of closing is in some way questionable, the subjunctive verb form is used. In a similar manner, the conditional verb mood implies that the closing will only happen if something else does as well. You will find the passà © simple in formal writing. Learning both it and the imperfect subjunctive will do wonders for your reading comprehension. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Passà © Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je ferme fermerais fermai fermasse tu fermes fermerais fermas fermasses il ferme fermerait ferma fermà ¢t nous fermions fermerions fermà ¢mes fermassions vous fermiez fermeriez fermà ¢tes fermassiez ils ferment fermeraient fermà ¨rent fermassent In short, direct requests and demands, use the imperative form. When doing so, theres no need to include the subject pronoun: simplify tu ferme down to ferme. Imperative (tu) ferme (nous) fermons (vous) fermez

Reading Class Struggle in Africa - 2677 Words

Reading Class Struggle in Africa Kwame Nkrumah’s writing reads like a text book designed to inform any learner of African studies. Whether the learners are the African workers and peasants to whom the book is dedicated, African pupils or international scholars such as Spelman ADW undergraduates they gain a clear understanding of class struggle in Africa relevant to the time period when the book was published as well as the contemporary context. Much in keeping with the concept of fact making discussed last semester in ADW 111, given the myths and fabrication designed by so-called scholars who embrace a Eurocentric point of view Nkrumah the Ghanaian griot sets out to â€Å"write a tale of hunting that glorify not the hunter but the lions and†¦show more content†¦Africa has in fact in its midst a hard core of bourgeoisie who are analogous to colonists and settlers in that they live in positions of privilege-a small, selfish, money-minded reactionary minority among vast masses of exploited and oppresse d people. . . Their survival depends on foreign support (Class 12) The following chart obtains from what precedes [Slides 4-6]. Now we will turn our attention to the most salient postulations in Nkrumah’s book which are the 1) the origins of class in Africa; 2) class concept; 3) class concept and ideologies; 4) class and race; 5) elitism; 6) intelligentsia and intellectuals; 7) bourgeoisie and 8) proletariat. To help the reader better apprehend the African reality as it pertains to class Nkrumah provides us with some eye-opening geopolitical data. They relate to the actual size of the continent and its value in terms of natural resources. [Slide 7] If that information was not astounding enough, Nkrumah tackles one of the most persisting falsehoods relating to Africa. He boldly asserts that African history predates colonialism. Better yet, the writer claims that the continent was socially, politically and economically structured prior to the advent of the Europeans. For examp le communalism was a system of choice that prevailed in the land. Under the said traditional arrangement all land and means of production belonged to the community. There was people’sShow MoreRelatedLiterature As A Form Of Human Expression1359 Words   |  6 Pagesmore difficult to understand. Without literacy, our world would struggle and crumble to the very dust from which it rose. During this writing I will personally talk about my literacy history, and how it has influenced, impacted, and developed my life. I was born and raised in Monrovia, Liberia. The name â€Å"Liberia† comes from the English word â€Å"liberty† and refers to the nation’s origin as a colony of free blacks repatriated to Africa from the United States in the early nineteenth century. The capitalRead MoreEssay on Race and Class in Alice Walkers Color Purple1622 Words   |  7 PagesEssay on Race and Class in The Color Purple  Ã‚     Ã‚   An important  Ã‚  juncture in Alice Walkers The Color Purple is reached when Celie first recovers the missing letters from her long-lost sister Nettie. This discovery not only signals the introduction of a new narrator to this epistolary novel but also begins the transformation of Celie from writer to reader. Indeed, the passage in which Celie struggles to puzzle out the markings on her first envelope from Nettie provides a concrete illustration Read MoreThe Good Life Is Always Given At Birth963 Words   |  4 Pagesusually not given at birth. The good life is the struggle a person had to do to achieve a goal. The journey that was fought for gives ones a sense of purpose in life a happiness. On paper, it is stated that all men are born free and equal in rights, but that is untrue in some parts of the world. Not only is social suppression a big problem in developing country like South Africa, but also in a developed country for example United States. In the two readings â€Å"Long Hope to Freedom† by Nelson Mandala andRead MoreGandhi : The Greatest Leaders Of All Time1450 Words   |  6 PagesMohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born in Porbandar, India, on October 2, 1869. He was also known as â€Å"Mahatma† which means great soul and he is known as one the greatest leaders of all time. Gandhi was raised in a middle class Hindu family but h e lived in a multicultural community meaning he grew up around different people who practiced different faiths and beliefs. His father was a political figure in Porbandar and was the dewan of Rajkot and Bikaner which is a powerful government official. His motherRead MoreA Primate s Memoir, By American Biologist1497 Words   |  6 Pagesand his unintentional  research  of human behavior as to himself through his encounters and experiences as a young researcher  in Kenya,  Africa for the first time. Sapolsky names the four parts of his book to describe the four stages of a baboon s growth.  Ultimately, these parts also reflect  Sapolsky s personal growth and transformation as he journeys through Africa and studies the baboon troop. Since, at the outset of his research,  the baboons he will study seem to be around this age, Part 1 is labeledRead MoreDanger of a Single Story1661 Words   |  7 Pagesgood English. These stories told by people represent who they are and where they’re from. It can be seen from many perspectives. So when I watched this video on ted talks I was amazed like the other students were. Chimamanda Adichie is from Nigeria, Africa. She says that if you hear a single story about a person or a country we risk a critical understanding. She argues that if we focus on the bad things we flatten our experience and overlook many other good things. And she also argues that the singleRead MoreGlobalization And Its Effects On Society844 Words   |  4 Pagesmajority of individuals are so wrapped up in the here and now and have no idea about anything outside of their four walls. In just reading the first chapter of this textbook, even though I don’t understand everything in it I have gained more knowledge and understanding on the various cultures and human geography I would have never been exposed to otherwise. After reading the section in our textbook on globalization for example opened my eyes to I am truly affected by globalization, from the clothesRead MoreAn Army At Dawn Essay1643 Words   |  7 PagesThe book An Army at Dawn: The War in North Africa 1942-1943 gives the reader valuable insight into the campaign in North Africa in 1942-1943 for both Allied and the German forces. The narrative follows the American and British armies as they fought the Vichy French in Morocco and Algiers, and then later when they fight the Germans and the Italians for Tunisia. The novel follows the inexperienced and ill-led soldiers from battle to battle as they gradually become a more cohesive and deadly fightingRead MoreAn Accurate Representation Of History1503 Words   |  7 Pagesaccurate portrayal of the historical event and significance. In the West African History portion of the class we learned about the women’s war. The women s war was a war against the women of Africa and colonialism. The women were tired of being oppressed and eventually fought back. Not only did the women fight back, they fought in a way that used their gender to empower themselves. While reading the novel Things Fall Apart written by Chinua Achebe we gain a perspective of how women were treated andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Disgrace By J.m Coetzee968 Words   |  4 Pageswho has written over sixteen novels and has even won a nobel prize for his inspiring work. Coetzee is best known for his controversial novel Disgrace. A story that captivates its readers and keeps them on their toes. The setting takes place in South Africa during the post apartheid era. A time where people were divided into races and whites held power over the minority. The protagonist David Lurie is a college professor who lives a promiscuous double life. Sleeps with different women, but never feels

The Book Gender Free Essays

In chapter six of the book Gender: Ideas, Interactions and Institutions, Lisa Wade and Myra Marx Ferree discuss inequality involving men and masculinities. The reading talks about the concept of â€Å"doing gender†, braking or going by certain gender rules, is performed by everyone in order to fit into society. The concept that there are two genders, otherwise known as gender binary, is hierarchical and places men above women and values masculinity above femininity. We will write a custom essay sample on The Book Gender or any similar topic only for you Order Now (Wade 113). This has bad outcomes for both genders due to the fact that for women, it reduces their social status. For men, it leads them to believe their interests take more priority than women. The chapter then discusses an example of this with cheerleading where in the mid 1800s, cheerleading was an all male sport and it was â€Å"too masculine for women.† When women showed interest in the sport, it changed how people thought of cheerleading. The focus on the chapter is to show the different ways social inequality occurs and gives different examples of situations in which certain traits of masculinity are glorified, allowing certain men to be glorified. The chapter continues through talking about hegemony; a sociological concept used to help us understand this social inequality in our society. Men who fail to embody hegemonic masculinity, otherwise known as being the â€Å"idealized man† are lower on the scale that establishes the hierarchy of man that ranks them from most to least masculine. The traits of a â€Å"higher up man† would include strength, white, athletic and be considered a â€Å"real man.† This is experienced on both the individual and group level, because individual men are viewed as a certain way, but are put into distinct groups because of it. An example of this is men who are physically weak are called â€Å"wimps†, but solely based on their individual traits. Men take many risks in their lives and are shown to be more likely to get into a fight than a woman. (Wade 129). Research was done to show the different arrests based on an individual’s sex. It showed that all crimes were over 50% male with murder, rape and carrying weapons being the greatest percentage over 80%. These rules of masculinity keep men from being able to express certain emotions, even enough to develop intimate friendships. A psychologist named Niobe Way interviewed boys about their friendships, with a 17 year old mind answering that their relationship is mostly â€Å"joking around† and â€Å"not about serious stuff.† This proves the argument that men have to follow the gender rules of masculinity, which is unfair because they feel unable to show emotions while women are more likely to seek help. Men become lonely and are more likely to commit suicide. These aspects of doing gender as a man are called toxic masculinity, because they are bad for other men, women and the individual man himself. These include some of the traits explained above, like suppressing emotion and dangerous actions. The authors were able to prove their argument of certain men being put over others, especially women. Those hegemonic traits allow them to avoid femininity and contribute to the sexist society we are in today. Avoiding acting like a girl is constraining to men, and limit their lives option in order to remain a â€Å"manly man.† There are lots of research involving examples of men giving up all feminine acts or of their masculine traits giving them power over â€Å"weaker† men, but especially women. In preforming in strictly manly activities, men tend to miss out of things they may enjoy just because they are considered more â€Å"feminine.† Men continue this act of masculinity to preserve the privileges and the gender binary that gives hegemonic masculinity its power (Wade 136). They choose to follow the rules, or appear as lower in the hierachy. Wherever they fall though, they all have a fear of joining the men who are disadvantaged and in the lower parts of the hiarchy. Some future studies about this idea of men challenging the gender binary. Few men do, while many women are less afraid to do so. Research could involve what men would be more likely to challenge the gender rules and face falling lower, and how those men would affect our society with them performing more feminine acts. Understanding both men and women’s experiences and perspective can help us better perform gender to where both genders actions aren’t constrained to the binary gender system. How to cite The Book Gender, Papers

Macbethl Imagery Essay Example For Students

Macbethl Imagery Essay MacbethL ImageryOne of the most important tools in literature is imagery. It is notjust in there to fill up paper; rather, there is at least one dramatic purposefor each image and there are many different types of imagery. This essay seeksto prove that in the play Macbeth the author William Shakespeare uses darknessimagery for three dramatic purposes. Those three purposes are, to createatmosphere, to arouse the emotions of the audience and to contribute to themajor theme of the play. The darkness imagery in Macbeth contributes to its ominous atmosphere. Inthe very beginning of the play the three witches are talking and the first witchsays When shall we three meet again? In thunder, lightning, or in rain?(Macbeth 1. 1. line 1). This is a good example of darkness imagery because whenyou think of the crashing thunder, lightning and rain, they all remind you ofevil and ominous things. Later on the Sergeant is talking with Duncan andMalcolm when he states Ship wrecking storms and direful thunders break (1. 2. l26). Again this darkness imagery contributes to the ominous atmosphere of theplay, having reference to thunder and dark storms. Finally, Lady Macbeth andMacbeth are talking in the scene just before the murder of Banquo and Macbethsays Light thickens, and the crow makes wing to the rooky wood: Good things ofday begin to droop and drowse, whiles nights black agents to their preys dorouse (3. 2. l50-53). This example of darkness imagery is saying that the dayis turning into night, all the good things are going to sleep, and the evilcreatures are coming out . The evil in this previous quotation and the twobefore adds to the ominous atmosphere. Since the imagery creates an ominousatmosphere it would then lead to the second dramatic purpose, to arouse theemotions of the audience. Darkness imagery is a very good tool for arousingthe emotions of the audience. It enables people to create a mental picture ofthe what they are reading. For instance, in this instance of darkness imageryDuncan an d Macbeth were talking when Macbeth says aside Stars, hide your fires!Let not light see my black and deep desires (1. 4. l50-51). When words likedark and desire are put in that context it creates many horrible mentalpictures about murders and fights which arouses peoples emotions. Ross is latertalking with an old man when he states By the clock tis day, and yet darknight strangles the traveling lamp (2. 4. l6-7). In other words; although, thesun should beout, something is blocking the light. This example of darkness imagery createsan eeriefeeling in the reader because it is very abnormal for the sun to be blocked. One might say that God is punishing them or that there is the presence of adevil if the sun was gone and would stir up the emotions of the reader althoughit was probably only an eclipse. Another case of darkness imagery happens whenLady Macbeth and a messenger are talking and Lady Macbeth states That my keenknife see not the wound it makes, nor heaven peep through the blanket of thedark to cry, Hold, hold! (1. 5. l52-54). It creates an illustration ofterror because of the unknown. With night covering the earth like a blanket noone knows what might happen. They might be the one behind the knife with knowone there to see it or help. .ue002daa70a85ef4e5750dbb18d3f8d88 , .ue002daa70a85ef4e5750dbb18d3f8d88 .postImageUrl , .ue002daa70a85ef4e5750dbb18d3f8d88 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue002daa70a85ef4e5750dbb18d3f8d88 , .ue002daa70a85ef4e5750dbb18d3f8d88:hover , .ue002daa70a85ef4e5750dbb18d3f8d88:visited , .ue002daa70a85ef4e5750dbb18d3f8d88:active { border:0!important; } .ue002daa70a85ef4e5750dbb18d3f8d88 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue002daa70a85ef4e5750dbb18d3f8d88 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue002daa70a85ef4e5750dbb18d3f8d88:active , .ue002daa70a85ef4e5750dbb18d3f8d88:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue002daa70a85ef4e5750dbb18d3f8d88 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue002daa70a85ef4e5750dbb18d3f8d88 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue002daa70a85ef4e5750dbb18d3f8d88 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue002daa70a85ef4e5750dbb18d3f8d88 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue002daa70a85ef4e5750dbb18d3f8d88:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue002daa70a85ef4e5750dbb18d3f8d88 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue002daa70a85ef4e5750dbb18d3f8d88 .ue002daa70a85ef4e5750dbb18d3f8d88-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue002daa70a85ef4e5750dbb18d3f8d88:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Leslie twiggy Hornby EssayAs well as arousing the emotions of the audience darkness imagery works wellin characterizing. Darkness imagery also is very useful for a further dramaticpurpose, to characterize, and specifically to characterize Macbeth. Throughthe use of darkness imagery Shakespeare was able to characterize Macbeth asperceived in this next quote where Macduff and Malcolm are talking and Macduffpronounces Not in legions of horrid hell can come a devil more damnd in evils,to top Macbeth (4. 3. l55-56). It is understood that Macduff views Macbeth asa man even further corrupt than any devil and would consequently characterizehim as evil. Subsequent to that, Macbeth enters a scene with Young Siward andYoung Siward asks for his name. Macbeth replies and Young Siward replies withThe devil himself could not pronounce a title more hateful to mine ear (5. 7. l8-9). This shows that, as well, Young Siward views Macbeth as a bad man andwould also characterize Macbeth. Lastly, Malcolm is speaking with Macduff andsaying how he will reveal his real evil self and states When they shall beopend, black Macbeth will seem as pure as snow (4. 3. l52-53). Thischaracterizing Macbeth as a dark person but contrary to previous beliefs,Malcolm is actually more evil. Darkness imagery was very effective incharacterizing Macbeth in all the preceding quotes. Consequently viewing the previous, it is undoubtedly true that darknessdoes play a big role in developing the dramatic purposes. Darkness imagerydoes help convey to the audience the atmosphere, it does provoke the audiencesresponse to the play, and it did help illustrate the characters in Macbeth. Imagery plays a huge roll in the development of any piece of literature.

My Problems Essays - Acute Pain, Nociception, Pain, Suffering

My Problems BACK PROBLEMS I am a 21 year old male with back problems, It just seems like I have had this all my life. I cant remember what caused it. But I remember when it started. Four years ago is when I started to feel back pains, mostly in my lower back. It took me a long time to deal with it and quit being macho about it. I used to try to ignore the pain while I played sports, during school, and even at work. Even though the pain is unbearable. The pain is so painful it sometimes knocks the nerve out of my right knee. Which is weird because I receive the pain in the bottom left side. So I am feeling pain on opposite sides, which is dramatically painful. I felt that if I quit the game that I love so much I will never be able to look at myself in the mirror or wonder what it could have been. I still remember my last hockey game as a goalie. My team and I were up by two goals in the start of the third period (last period) when from out of nowhere I felt a tingly sensation in my spine. This always meant that my back problem was starting to come back. I remember telling myself that I just had to last until the third period was over when suddenly there was a breakaway (this is when an opposing team player has the puck and no one else is around him). As I skated out to cut down the angle, the opposing teams player shoot and as I went down to block it, I felt a popping sensation and a overwhelming pain went to my back. It hurt like hell but luckily he shot it right at my position and I covered it up. To make matters worse the guy that shot the puck tripped and started sliding uncontrollably towards me. When he made contact with me I was on my knees and when we collided, all his weight caused to fall backwards onto the ice. The only sound that I heard was my own voice screaming in pain. My teammates tried to help me up but my back wouldnt support my weight. So I limped off the ice, so angry that I throw my helmet to the ground. I ended up watching game on the bench. No one knew this was my last game but me, but luckily we won the game by one. After the game I went to the hospital and the doctor told me that I had pinched nerve and that this would be with me for the rest of my life. Not even surgery could fix this problem. He then told me the news that hurt almost as much as my back, I had to quit the game that I loved so much for my health. The doctor gave me two prescriptions and sent me on my way. One was supposed to be a muscle relaxer and the other one a painkiller. Both medicines helped for awhile, but after a year or so, my body became immune to them and I was forced to live with my unbearable pain. In conclusion, even though some people may say that Im too young to experience back problems, I can personally say that age doesnt matter. Chronic back problems are something that thousands of people deal with everyday, both young and old. Health Care

Don Quixote A Parody

Don Quixote A Parody It is a masterpiece that is known all over the world. Since its first publication more than two hundred and seventy seven years ago it has remained one of the favorites of university students and those who appreciate a great piece of literature. It is a novel that is easy to remember and appreciate because the title itself, Don Quixote.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Don Quixote: A Parody specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The title is already an invitation to read. According to one commentator there is popular appeal and the novel strikes a chord among readers (Cascardi, 2002, p.127). There is a reason why Miguel de Cervantes Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra’s novel is well-known and greatly appreciated. This is because the novel is a good example of how an author used parody. What is a Parody? It is therefore important to first understand the meaning of parody. According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary a parody is â€Å"a literary or musical work in which the style of an author or work is closely imitated for comic effect† (Merriam-Webster, 2010, p.1). There are two things that need to be emphasized here in order to have a clear understanding of what a parody is. First of all there is a previous work that has been completed and used as a basis by the writer to create a parody. In other words there is an artistic work that was completed beforehand and that work will be parodied by the author. Secondly, it must be made clear that the author who is doing the parody is not simply copying or using another person’s work as a basis or inspiration of his work. To parody means to imitate or create something that ridicules the original. The purpose of course is for entertainment. A parody can be very effective depending on the ability of the writer and the subject matter used as a basis for writing the parody – the more popular and well-love the subject matter the better. Chiva lry and Romance In the case of Don Quixote it is a literary masterpiece and the popular body of work used as a basis for the parody are the numerous novels of chivalry that were famous three centuries ago. In a time when there was no television and radio, the stories about knights and their adventures are the most important form of entertainment available in post-medieval Europe (Paulson, 1998, p.3). There were knights in shining armor and there were beautiful women in trouble that requires to be rescued. The romance and adventure created a powerful mixture that resulted in a form of entertainment that serves as a distraction from a monotonous life before modern conveniences like cars, refrigerators, and microwave ovens became the norm. But after a while there are those who became tired of reading the same thing.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There are those wh o desired for alternatives and there are those who cannot believe the simplicity and the exaggerated stories found in those novels. This is the reason why Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra parodied these chivalric novels, there was a significant response from the reading public (Paulson, 1998, p.4). It has to be understood that â€Å"parody in Don Quixote is not simply a technique but the backbone of all the adventures in the novel† (Cascardi, 2002, p.173). The author wanted everyone to see the truth behind the exaggerated tales of knights who are almost invincible and always gets to save the day no matter the odds that were stacked against them. The author was able to show this not by giving a serious lecture but by using parody and in effect using humor to show that something is going on for so long that people are used to it and no one dared question the effect or significance of these chivalric novels. The author therefore went on to create a character that is very much differ ent from the usual characterization of a strong and courageous knight. The byproduct is Don Quixote. The parody is seen in the fact that he was not a young man on the verge of discovering his identity and trying to prove to the world his courage and skill in battle. In stark contrast, Don Quixote is already fifty years old and the only reason that he was able to play the part of a knight is because he had time in his hands and he had access to a small amount of money that allowed him to own a bony old horse. He also was in possession of a few tools he mistaken as weapons that a real knight could use and he also had in his service a servant that he thought was a knight’s page. The parody starts at the very beginning of the novel because the author said that Don Quixote sold his property so that he can buy books about knights and their adventures. The reader is immediately made aware of the foolishness of his actions and that mirrors what happened to the people living in 17th c entury Europe. The parody gets to the next level when Don Quixote even in his old age and very limited means decided to not only read but to become a knight. He wanted to emulate what he has read in romances of chivalry. Thus, with an old armor and a bony old horse he went out to rescue damsels in distress and perform mighty deeds even if to the outside world he seemed ill-suited for the job and more so, he looked ridiculous (Paulson, 1998, p.1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Don Quixote: A Parody specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is a masterpiece that both young and old can enjoy because they can relate to it. The teenager who happens to hold Don Quixote in his or her hands will immediately understand the parody. They will appreciate how Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra tried to make an indirect but effective criticism with regards to the excesses of the Spanish court and society’s obsession with knights in shining armor who seem perfect no matter from what angle they are viewed from. Those who are older can also appreciate this novel because of the sad and ridiculous behavior of an old man who had seen better days and desperately tried to recapture the glory of the old days. This means that a parody is not only meant to make people laugh and distract them from the monotony of daily existence. A parody is meant to point out a problem but done using humor instead of using a boring and ineffective lecture. Conclusion A parody is to use what is already popular and well-known and then to use it as a basis for writing something about an important topic. But it is common knowledge that people will not listen or take time to read a boring piece of literature. They would only read if they are not only informed but also entertained. This is the genius of Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra. He wanted to speak out against the 17th century’s obsession with romantic novels about knights and damsel s in distress. But instead of writing an article that no one would read, he decided to create Don Quixote and his message came across loud and clear. This is the power of parody. Cascardi, Anthony. The Cambridge Companion to Cervantes. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Merriam-Webster. Parody. Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2010. Web. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/parody. Paulson, Ronald. Don Quixote in England: The Aesthetic of Laughter. MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.Advertising Looking for essay on literature languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Central American Migration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Central American Migration - Essay Example Due to social and economic pressures, the United States government and some of her people opposed the entry of Central Americans to the United States through various policies. This led to new immigrants fleeing war experiencing economic and other social problems although they contributed immensely to the economy. Central American Migration War, persecution, and violence in El Salvador, Guatemala, and Nicaragua due to political upheavals spurred the mass migration of their citizens into the United States (Gutierrez 188). The migration occurred in phases with the elites fleeing first followed by professionals and the middle class and lastly, the poor working class. Nicaraguan migrants went to the US in three waves with the first consisting of the overthrown Somoza family and their associates, wealthy business peoples and members of the National guard in 1970s followed by the middle class professionals and business people in the 1980s and lastly, the poor workers and young men escaping recruitment in the contra war (Gutierrez 195). Their flight, unlike the Cubans, was not welcome by the American government who classified them as illegal aliens and used varied ways to try to stop their entry into United States. Even after conditions improved in their home countries, many Central Americans did not return home due to a variety of reasons. The end of hostilities did not improve their security at home. In Nicaragua, former contras and fragments of Sandinista army continued to fight especially in rural areas. In El Salvador and Guatemala death squads and vigilante groups also operated (Gutierrez 196). This coupled with increased crime rates reduced the number of immigrants willing to return home and led to many more Central Americans migrating to United States. Depending on their social economic status, Central Americans used several strategies to survive in the harsh United States. Wealthy immigrants used their economic resources and business connections to buy assets in the United States on which they lived comfortably. Many exiles including the Somoza family transferred their assets to Miami banks in the late 1970s, and they moved into fashionable residences in key Biscayne and Brickell Avenue where they invested heavily on condominiums in the suburban western edge of the city (Portes and Stepick 227). These were later to be sold to Nicaraguan professionals and business people during the second wave of migration. This group experienced tough economic hardships on United States soil, and the majority worked in unskilled trades to earn a daily living due to the uncertain future. The professionals gradually moved into their fields of work and some steadily advanced in a professional capacity because of prior work experience in their country of origin. Professionals used existing friendships with Cuban Americans, developed in school, to get financing to start their own businesses (Portes and Stepick 153). The peasants and Nicaragua workers migrated chiefly due to war and economic hardships brought about by war. Nicaraguan peasants and workers migrated because of the United States sponsored contra war. They became unskilled laborers in the host country. The United States could now access cheap labor easily, a thing that impacted positively on her economic growth. The resolution by the US to pigeonhole Nicaraguan immigrant’s illegal aliens exposed them to very many challenges because they did not receive any benefits

Physiology for health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Physiology for health - Essay Example 4. Describe the mechanisms involved in regulation of energy metabolites? 5. Explain the role of the hormones involved in controlling glucose level? 6. Describe the role of structures in controlling carbon dioxide and urea? Homeostatic Mechanism Homeostatic mechanism happens in an attempt to balance the internal environment of the body despite the changes in temperature of the internal and external environment. To achieve such condition, the temperature and chemical compositions of the person’s fluid environment has to remain constant (Thibodeau & Patton, 2004). Thus, in events where there are disturbances of the homeostatic condition of the body, specific regulatory mechanisms responds to adjust the different body systems for the person to get back to its homeostatic state. The body adapts the self regulatory mechanism as a way to homeostasis. For instance, if a person’s temperature greatly fluctuates from the set point which is 37 degrees centigrade, the regulatory sys tem that controls body temperature use negative feedback to correct the temperature to bring it back to the set point. The same holds true in chemical changes where glucose and gases such as carbon dioxide and oxygen has to be maintained if the person is to survive. However, in this case, there is a gap for hormonal homeostasis to be corrected because chemical substances of the body take time to diffuse and circulate into the blood stream. Osmoregulation and Thermoregulation Process Homeostatic mechanism works to regulate the osmoregulation process through the kidneys that regulates the water and electrolytes that leaves the blood so that it equals the amount that enters. To process blood plasma and to form urine, the mechanism of filtration, tubular re absorption and tubular secretion has to take place. These mechanisms start when the water and solutes free of protein moves from plasma to the tubules of the Bowman’s capsule. As they pass through the tubules, water and import ant solutes are reabsorbed while molecules that move out of the blood are excreted. This process not only prevents water loss or retention but also maintains sodium and potassium content as well as the desirable ph level of the blood. Thermoregulation is also regulated by homeostatic mechanism with the negative feedback of the muscles. Stimulus from the outside environment is perceived by the affectors and is relayed to the hypothalamus where it is compared with the â€Å"built in† body set point. The result of the interpretation of the hypothalamus will be sent back to the effectors for the body to act appropriately. For example, when a person is exposed to cold weather, the skin and blood vessels picks up the signal and is sent to the hypothalamus which is interpreted as something that threatens the temperature. As a result, it sends nerve signal to the muscles to shiver to produce heat. Once the body temperature is regulated, the hypothalamus stops its stimulation of the e ffectors. Functions of Cardiovascular and Respiratory systems in regulating body Mechanism The function of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems regulates body mechanism by transporting hormones and nutrients , cleansing waste body products such as carbon dioxide and providing the body with fresh supply of oxygen as the blood circulates within the structures of the heart and lungs. As the blood is propelled to enter the right side of the

Progress On E Commerce In Pakistan

Progress On E Commerce In Pakistan Electronic commerce e-commerce was often thought simply to refer to buying and selling using the Internet; people immediately think of consumer retail purchases from companies such as Amazon. But e-commerce involves much more than electronically mediated financial transactions between organizations and customers. Now it is broadally defined as all types of electronic transactions between organizations and stakeholders whether they are financial transactions or exchanges of informaion or other services. (Cheffey, 2009). The Internet is a force for change, creating new business economies (Lambert, 2002) and altering considerably the worlds economies (Rayport and Jaworski, 2001). The literature stresses the importance of such new technologies to the economy as a whole and to SMEs in particular. Although, Martin and Matlay (2003) contend that such wide-ranging beliefs over the Internet have yet to be supported by any empirical evidence. Tidd et al. (2001) consider the Internet to be one of the defining symbols of twenty-first century innovation that has transformed our conceptual notions of how we value knowledge to new economy. E-commerce has become well over 100 billion dollars market with a growth rate of almost seventy percent per year (Aamir Atta 2008). It is not very costly investment to do business on internet. It is estimated that in near future, almost 25% of the traditional business will be converted into internet business. The business and the corporate world, suitably supported by the IT industry, already stands shifted, which is estimated to exceed $400 billion this year (Dr. Mushtaq A. Sajid 2003). At the end of 2008 nearly 1,596 million people or 23.8 % of total populations of the world had access to the Internet. This represents an increase of 342.2% over the year 2000. Asian countries account for 474.9 % growth while rest of the world grew by nearly 280.7 % in the same period (The Internet Coaching Library, 2009). This is a departure from the post-industrial business age that is typified by physical goods, towards a knowledge led economy where service, information and intelligence are the main currencies (Rayport and Jaworski, 2001). There have always been new economies (Clayton, 2002). What makes this innovation different are four distinct characteristics: immediate access to world-wide markets of information; better speed to market; the transformation of business processes; and the shift in the balance of power between suppliers and customers as information becomes more widely available. It is suggested by most studies that e-commerce runs through four steps. The first step is to let the world know about your existence through building your own website. The website contains useful information about your company, the product/services you sell and other related information, which certainly increases the chance to of your success. The second step involves convincing customers to loose their pockets and buy your product/services online. Adoption of advance level of software capable of handling orders is required in this step. In the third step, the business is managed by improving inventory management and last but the most important step is to provide payments facility through online banking partnership between buyers and sellers, which is the most difficult and complex part of e-commerce (Nissanoff, Daniel 2006). The most widespread and admired forms of e-commerce are business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumers (B2C). Government-to-citizens (G2C) and Business-to-government (B2G) and are other forms, running on the internet but with low steam. However, the use of earlier two still dominates the internet (Chaudhury, Abijit; Jean-Pierre Kuilboer 2002). E-commerce in Pakistan In the underdeveloped societies only a few businesses have attempted e-commerce and most have failed to identify economic benefits considering it a waste of time and resources. There is no convincing and detailed study of e-commerce opportunities in poor societies. Most of the parameters, which have contributed to the growth of e-commerce in developed countries, are missing in these underdeveloped societies (Shahid Mahmood 2008). According to International Telecommunication Union (ITU), internet access has been available in Pakistan since the mid-1990s. PCTL started offering access via the nationwide local call network in 1995. By early 2006 Internet penetration remained low. There are 18.5 million internet users in Pakistan as of June 2009, which is 10.4% of total population. It was 0.1% in 2000 with total internet users of just 134,000 (Internet World Stat 2009). Since we are now promoting global e-commerce in Pakistan, it should be known to us that almost 78% of the e-commerce activity takes place in the USA. This is obviously not possible without the use of internet in that country (Attock News 2010). Pakistan can make good use of this opportunity with proper planning and execution. To begin with, let us focus on the domestic front before going all out for the global market. Currently the growth of c-commerce in Pakistan is vulnerable by various factors. The pace of growth is slow due to some barriers. It is therefore inevitable to remove these barriers for E-commerce to grow in the country (Business Recorder 2008). A survey about e-commerce in Pakistan was conducted by propakistani that found some hard realities about current status (Teabreak 2008). However, in contrary to my findings, Mr. Abdul Quayyum Khan Kundi, CEO of a US based firm get Pakistan.com in an interview says that he sees a lot of activities of e-commerce in the country these days. Committees are formed to discuss various issues and educational institutes are doing seminars. All this may look good on the surface but I still feel for successful adoption of e-commerce we need a greater commitment from regulators and private sector. The key is not identifying the need the key lies in the speed of execution. Unfortunately we are lagging behind other economies in the region in this regard (Getpakistan.com). Progress on E-commerce in Pakistan Pakistan is one of the fifteen members of Asia Pacific Council for the Facilitation of Procedures and Practices for Administration, Commerce and Transport aiming to support the United Nations Centre, a non-governmental organization that promotes trade facilitation, electronic business policies and activities in the Asia-Pacific region (Ecommerce Journal 2009). Global Technology Forum identifies some developments made so far made in this area by the government (Ebusinessforum 2006): Almost 4,000 bank branches are computerised, many of them offer online funds transfers from overseas. E-merchant accounts were permitted by State Bank of Pakistan in February 2001 but due to inadequate infrastructure and security concerns, only Citibank offered these accounts to a limited number of business sectors. In December 2005, the Central Board of Revenue (CBR), the tax authority, started online tax facilities including online tax returns. The Information Technology and Telecommunications Division was established in July 2000. The purpose was to provide various e-commerce related incentives to industry and the provision of resources for educational and infrastructure building. The National Information Technology Policy was launched by the Ministry of Science and Technology in August 2000. As per latest information, the total spending (by the government and private sector) on information, communications and technology in Pakistan was US$10bn during 2005/06. Various e-commerce projects and programs were started in both public and private sectors in August 2006. The government had planned new IT and e-commerce projects worth well over PKR 4.5bn up to 2007. The government further aimed to produce 100,000 graduates a year in IT studies from the seven new IT universities it has already set up (Global Technology Forum 2006). The Lahore Chamber of Commerce Industry (LCCI) has recently signed a Memorandum of Undersanding (MoU) with Punjab Information Technology Board (PITB) to improve productivity by providing tailor-made IT solutions to Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the country. PITB will arrange IT Workshops for the staff of the companies in SME sector to develop human resource and businesses in accordance with global IT advancement. Both partners has further agreed to promote awareness about IT parks among business community to explore potential for joint ventures related to technology with foreign computer firms (Aamir Attaa 2010). They have further agreed to improve the strategy to integrate IT into businesses. This will no doubt pave the way of e-commerce for SMEs. The book entitled Secrets of Electronic Commerce (ITC 2009) addresses issues such as understanding of various technical terms, devising electronic commerce strategies, protecting consumer privacy and intellectual property, sending electronic signatures and generating traffic for small/new web sites. SMEs in Pakistan Martin and Matlay (2003) suggest SMEs are a heterogeneous and complex mix of economically active units. Most working definitions of SMEs emanate from the Bolton Committee report of 1971, which defines a small firm as independent, owner managed and with a small market share. The Bolton report offered a variety of statistical definitions, namely that the size of the firm was relevant to the sector it was in and that in certain sectors it was more suitable to classify the size of the firm by the number of employees. The use of so many definitions has its critics who argue that it impedes statistical analysis. Such criticism is often dismissed by claiming that these definitions all have their different uses (Beaver, 2002). Pakistan is more closed to Germany to define the limits of company to fit under SME; with maximum 250 employees, paid up capital of Rs.25 million (USD 0.3 million) and annual sales of up to Rs.250 million (USD 3 million). The Federal Government, in line with the econom ic development of Pakistan may, from time to time modify the eligibility criteria as it sees fit. All providers of services receiving funding from the Government may define more narrow scopes for specific targeting purposes. Moreover, different institutions have set their own criteria to define SME. In Pakistan, SMEDA (Small and Medium Enterprise Development Authority), established in October 1998, is a premier institution of the Govt. of Pakistan under Ministry of Industries and Production, to take on the challenge of developing Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Pakistan. It thrives to provide an enabling environment and business development services to small and medium enterprises. SMEDA is not only an SME policy-advisory body for the government of Pakistan but also facilitates other stakeholders in addressing their SME development agendas (SMEDA 2009). In a survey report arranged by Asian Development Bank (ADB), it has been revealed that Pakistan has become the slowest-growing country in South Asia during the last decade. Large scale manufacturing has recovered significantly in the last couple of days, but there are still concern about its sustainability, spread and robustness. Small and medium scale industry has not made a corresponding recovery yet (Bari, Cheema, Haque 20 05). They have mentioned seven constraints in the growth of SME in the country but none of them covers e-commerce. SME growth in not inhibited by technological barriers to entry (Kemal 1993). E-commerce for SME Issues Challenges E-commerce is an issue-driven field. The issues that concern us are those with the potential to throw weighty spanners in the works of ecommerce players. They form aspects of a climate that affects all players equally. Open legal, technical, and cultural issues have the power to flex the architectures of the best-prepared ecommerce player (May P. 2000). The author in his book has identified some issues e.g. (1) Legal issues such as Intellectual Property, Responsibility Privacy, Regulation Taxation, (2) Technical issues such as Platform risk, Communication disconnect, Skills and (3) Market issues. In this context, we will therefore, try to find issues being faced by SME in Pakistan to adopt e-commerce. Numerous studies into the use of e-commerce in SMEs recently have been of an exploratory and qualitative nature (Drew 2002). While there is rapid growth and development of dot-coms and the new economy, SMEs in developing countries have been slower to adopt e-commerce than their developed countries (Intrapairot and Srivihok 2003). Moreover, there are several issues that have been raised in recent SME literatures, which include: Exploring the advantage and disadvantage of e-commerce in Thai SMEs (Intrapairot and Srivihok, 2003) The importance of e-commerce infrastructure in facilitating the e-commerce adoption initiatives for SMEs in developing countries (Jennex et al. 2004, Stylianou et al. 2003). The use of e-commerce by manufacturing sector of Italian SMEs (Santarelli and DAltri, 2003). Adoption attributes that may affect e-commerce use in Brunei SMEs (Seyal and Rahman 2003) Factors influencing e-commerce adoption decisions in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Thailand (Lertwongsatien and Wongpinunwatana 2003) The use of e-commerce in Australian SMEs (MacGregor et al. 1998). In addition, the business press and trade journals have also given coverage to many of the issues faced by SMEs in moving into e-commerce (Matlay and Addis 2003, Phillips 1998, Schlenker and Crocker 2003). However, there are some issues that have received very little attention in research to date, such as: Framework that helps SMEs evaluate the strategic use of e-commerce as well as guiding the adoption process. Assessment of e-commerce application and post adoption experiences in different sectors of Pakistans SMEs. There is limited research on how businesses have integrated e-commerce strategy into existing business strategy, although authors (such as Doherty and McAulay 2002) have suggested it is important that e-commerce investments be driven by corporate strategies. Strategy Developing an e-commerce strategy requires a fusion of existing approaches to business, marketing, supply chain management and information systems strategy development. In addition to traditional strategy approaches, commentators have exhorted companies to apply innovative techniques to achieve competitive advantage. Around the start of the new millennium, many articles, fuelled by the dot-com hype of the time, urged CEOs to innovate or die (Chaffey 2009). Strategy defines the future direction and actions of an organization or part of an organization. (Johnson and Scholes 2006) define corporate strategy as: the direction and scope of an organization over the long-term: which achieves advantage for the organization through its configuration of resources within a changing environment to meet the needs of markets and to fulfill stakeholder expectations. It can also be described as an organizations sense of purpose. However, he notes that purpose alone is not strategy; plans or actions are also needed (Lynch 2000). E-commerce strategy share much in common with corporate, business and marketing strategies. The organizations have different levels of strategy, particularly for larger or global organizations (Johnson and Scholes 2006). They have not expressly stated about strategy for SMEs but since they have mentioned that larger orgnizations do have different strategy, therefore, we can assume that strategy of SMEs must be different. However, the difference in strategies is not the core of our debate here. We should be familiar with the integeration of e-commerce strategy into existing strategy. One might question why the presence of e-commerce has expanded very rapidly in recent years. The answer is simply because of the opportunities and benefits that are evident from the current implementation by many organisations. The concept of strategic use e-commerce through the utilisation of Internet software and services also endeavours to link Internet use with opportunities it offers to the firm (Sadowski et al. 2002). It further recognises that the strategic potential Internet use allows exercising the control over the bounds of relationships and interfaces used in relationships between customers and the business, which are also related to the firms strategies. E-commerce has offered a variety of potential benefits both to SMEs and large business. Numerous studies claim their findings on the benefit and impact of e-commerce. Those findings are summarised into the following points (Chan 2001, Schneider 2002): E-commerce offers unmatched savings in terms of transaction costs The reduction of cost in advertising and promotion Speed communication between buyer and seller Companies can shorten their traditional supply chains, minimise transport obstacles, and reduce delivery costs. Physical limitations of time and space are removed. Despite the attractive benefits that SMEs may obtain from adopting e-commerce into their business, SMEs possess significant problems in identifying the appropriate application of e-commerce and its strategy due to the lack of knowledge and planning. Consequently, it is hardly surprising to witness that most of the SMEs owner/managers will finally develop their strategy through a trial-and-error method. An assessment of success factors for e-commerce strategy implementation in SMEs has been produced by Jeffcoate et al. (2002). They suggest 11 critical success factors, which can also be usefully applied to larger organizations: 1. Content: The effective presentation of a product or services 2. Convenience: The usability of the web site 3. Control: The extent to which organizations have defined processes that they can manage. 4. Interaction: The means of relationship building with individual customers. 5. Community: The means of relationship building with groups of like-minded individuals or organizations. 6. Price sensitivity: The sensitivity of a product or service to price competition on the Internet. 7. Brand image: The ability to build up a credible brand name for e-commerce 8. Commitment: A strong Motivation for using the Internet and the will to innovate 9. Partnership: The extent to which an e-commerce venture uses partnerships (value chain relationships) to leverage Internet presence and expand its business. 10. Process improvement: The extent to which companies can change and automate business processes. 11. Integration The provision of links between underlying iT systems in support of partnership and process improvement. Adoption E-commerce has introduced new opportunities for small and large organizations to compete in the global marketplace. Many experts have noted that one of the biggest changes introduced by electronic communications is how approaches to transmitting and transforming information can be used for competative advantage. The electronic commerce provides significatn opportunities for many businesses to build closer relationships with their existing customers and suppliers online to help achieve customer retntion. Its usage by stakeholders can significantly reduce costs while providing a new, convenient channel for purchase and customer service. Organizations can build lasting relationships with their stakeholders by providing high-quality online services. We should assess the impact of e-commere on our market place and organizations (Cheffey 2009). Business adoption of e-commerce and e-business is driven by benefits to different parts of their organization. First and foremost, they are concerned how the benefits of e-commerce will impact on profitbility or generating value to an organization. The two main ways in which this can be achieved are: Potential for increased revenue due to extended reach to a large number of customers, repeat transactions among existing customers and encouraging loyality. Reduction in cost achieved by delivering services electronically. This includes staff clost, transport and material cost such as stationery, etc (Cheffey 2009). Until a few years ago, the academic literature was giving very little information on why SMEs adopt e-commerce. However, now rather more information could be found on the broader aspects of information and communication technology (ICT) adoption and the use of the Internet in general. Thus, the reasons for ICT, Internet and e-commerce adoption by SMEs are complex and often interrelated. It is thought that much of this early adoption of the Internet was motivated by a mixture of management eagerness, the need for better communications and that for most businesses it presented an affordable admission price to world markets prior to establishing more important business relationships (Simpson and Docherty 2004). Although Dixon et al. (2002) found a lack of any empirical research on the effect of ICT on SMEs and of the modest amount that there was much of it involved cross-sectional studies rather than longitudinal comparisons. The comparative wealth of research in the area of ICT adoption (compared to e-commerce) suggests that an SMEs inherent qualities of size and flatter organisational structure make them more predisposed to facilitating innovation. According to Tidd et al. (2001) the major factors for successful innovation are a mixture of having a dedicated and motivated individual, usually the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and paying attention to a multitude of good management activities and attitudes. This includes the ability to predict and respond to the business environment and industry changes. In part this concurs with Cragg et al.s (2001) view that SMEs with a CEO with a penchant for Information Technology (IT) and innovation would be more likely to adopt IT. Cragg et al. (2001) concluded that three issues that were likely to have an effect on the take up of the Internet by SMEs was the perceived benefits, organisational readiness and external pressures. However, Dongen et al. (2002) argue that much of the literature supposes that ICT adoption is for opportunistic reasons, based on cost, rather than for strategic reasons. Van Beveren and Thomson (2002) point out that the most cited reasons for e-commerce adoption tend to be those based upon the companys size and their perceived importance of e-commerce to their business purpose. While Daniel and Myers (2002) found that as a company grows in size it becomes more difficult to communicate with customers and this leads to the adoption of e-commerce. Although the work of Bodorick et al. (2002) did not focus specifically on SMEs they suggest that e-commerce readiness and adoption are likely to vary by industry sector. Martin and Matlay (2003) found that micro-businesses that focus on providing business services w ere more likely to adopt ICT than similar sized manufacturing firms while Daniel and Myers (2002) found that the older the SME the less likely they were to use e-commerce. Kalakota and Robinson (2001) see the adoption of e-commerce as more of an external pressure brought about by a new type of customer value proposition of what they want, when and how they want it and at the lowest cost. Daniel and Myers (2002) and Dongen et al. (2002) found that responding to competitors was also likely to be an important driver towards the adoption of e-commerce. Timmers (1999) uses Michael Porters five forces model to argue that e-commerce creates almost perfect competition as barriers to entry are reduced, transaction costs lowered, customers are able to obtain better access to information, customer driven pricing is possible and all with the minimum of legislation and regulation. In addition, low entry costs leading to an early return on investment whilst safeguarding such investment was seen as a major attraction of e-commerce (Timmers, 1999). Daniel and Myers (2002) found that the overall reason for the adoption of e-commerce by SMEs was to enhance c ustomer relationships either through improving customer services, developing the brand, seeking out new customers or to allow for discourse with customers. The notion was that these businesses better understand how competitive differentiation can be achieved by developing superior customer relationships. Kalakota and Robinson (2001) have similar views claiming that through the use of e-commerce companies can become the best, most recognisable and also the cheapest. That is, e-commerce can create opportunities for a combination of differentiation and cost leadership strategies to be employed (Campbell-Hunt, 2000). Cragg et al. (2001) found three types of perceived benefits namely, relative advantage, communication (over more traditional methods such as the telephone) and as a business tool i.e. something that is a part of everyday business. Cragg et al. (2001, p. 172) argue that: Those that have not adopted the Internet must seek a business benefit, for example they may pursue advant ages over traditional methods of advertising. More pragmatic advice can be found in the literature targeted at small businesses and which praises the benefits of e-commerce from both the business and customer perspectives (Bradshaw, 2001). For example, e-commerce allows businesses to trade and receive payments online non-stop and leaves customers satisfied because the business is always open. In addition, e-commerce has other benefits such as lowering the running costs of the business, allowing access to a wider market and saves time for the customer who will also feel in control (Bradshaw, 2001). It has been suggested that some small businesses only exist because of moving onto the Internet and the notion of the Internet as a salvation for some businesses appears to be a relatively new idea (Wroe, 2002). Barriers Cheffey (2009) explains about a DTI study conducted in 2002 evaluating some of the barriers to e-commerce, specially to B2B, which remain valid today. The reason of cost is the most important factor, following by some other factors, eighteen in total, which can cause hurdles in the growth of e-commerce in the industry. Adoption of e-business by established SMEs is generally less han that in larger businesses. This is principally a consequence of he negative attitude of managing directors and CEOs o the business benefits of information and communication technology. Our study will highlight the barriers to e-commerce, if there are any, in the country hurdling in the adoption by SMEs. Tunyo (2008) highlights some barriers to the e-commerce in the country. He says that the size of e-commerce in the country is small and also uncertain at the moment and the growth of e-commerce is hampered by a number of factors and it is inevitable to remove these hurdles for e-commerce to grow in the country. The major barriers are; Misconception about e-commerce Mistruct Traditional nature of society Literacy rate Access to internet services Lack of e-transportation services Poor distribution channels The study will conclude with an overall assessment of the current status of the adoption of e-commerce by SMEs and forecast of the future of e-commerce in this sector.

Blue Whales :: Biology Ecology Nature

Blue Whales The Blue whale is the largest creature of the sea, in fact, it is the largest creature known to man. Contrary to what most people think, even though Blue whales live in the sea, they are mammals. They breathe air, have their babies born alive and can live anywhere from 30 to 70 years. The Blue whale is a baleen whale, and instead of having teeth, Blue whales have around 300-400 baleen plates in their mouths. They fall under the category of the rorquals, which are the largest of the baleen family. The scientific name of the Blue whale is, Balsenoptera musculus. Introduction Whales are separated into two groups, the baleen and the toothed whales. The blue whale is the largest baleen whale and the largest animal that ever lived on Earth, including the largest dinosaurs. Baleen are rows of coarse, bristle-like fibers used to strain plankton from the water. Baleen is made of keratin, the same material as our fingernails. They live in pods, the have two blowholes. The blue whale has a 2-14 inch (5-30cm) thick layer of blubber. Blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) are baleen whales (Suborder Mysticeti). They are one of 76 species and are marine mammals. Background The Blue whale is called a ^rorqual^, a Norwegian word for ^furrow^ referring to the pleated grooves running from its chin to its naval. The pleated throat grooves allow the Blue whale^s throat to expand during the huge intake of water during filter feeding; they can ^hold 1,000 tons or more of food and water when fully expanded^ (Small 1971). Blue whales have 50-70 throat grooves. Blue whales grow up to about 80 feet (25m) long on average, weighing about 120 tons. The females are generally larger than the males, this is the case for all baleen whales. ^The largest specimen found was a female 94 feet (29m) long weighing more than 174 tons^ (Satchell 1998). The head of the Blue whale forms up to a quarter of the total body length. Compared with other rorquals, the head is very broad. The blue whale heart is the size of a small car and can pump almost 10 tons of blood throughout the body. They have a very small, falcate (sickle-shaped) dorsal fin that is located near the fluke, or tail. Blue whales have long, thin flippers 8 feet (2.4m) long and flukes that are 25feet (7.6m) wide. The blue whale^s skin is usually blue-gray with white-gray spots. The underbelly has brown, yellow, or gray specks. Blue Whales :: Biology Ecology Nature Blue Whales The Blue whale is the largest creature of the sea, in fact, it is the largest creature known to man. Contrary to what most people think, even though Blue whales live in the sea, they are mammals. They breathe air, have their babies born alive and can live anywhere from 30 to 70 years. The Blue whale is a baleen whale, and instead of having teeth, Blue whales have around 300-400 baleen plates in their mouths. They fall under the category of the rorquals, which are the largest of the baleen family. The scientific name of the Blue whale is, Balsenoptera musculus. Introduction Whales are separated into two groups, the baleen and the toothed whales. The blue whale is the largest baleen whale and the largest animal that ever lived on Earth, including the largest dinosaurs. Baleen are rows of coarse, bristle-like fibers used to strain plankton from the water. Baleen is made of keratin, the same material as our fingernails. They live in pods, the have two blowholes. The blue whale has a 2-14 inch (5-30cm) thick layer of blubber. Blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) are baleen whales (Suborder Mysticeti). They are one of 76 species and are marine mammals. Background The Blue whale is called a ^rorqual^, a Norwegian word for ^furrow^ referring to the pleated grooves running from its chin to its naval. The pleated throat grooves allow the Blue whale^s throat to expand during the huge intake of water during filter feeding; they can ^hold 1,000 tons or more of food and water when fully expanded^ (Small 1971). Blue whales have 50-70 throat grooves. Blue whales grow up to about 80 feet (25m) long on average, weighing about 120 tons. The females are generally larger than the males, this is the case for all baleen whales. ^The largest specimen found was a female 94 feet (29m) long weighing more than 174 tons^ (Satchell 1998). The head of the Blue whale forms up to a quarter of the total body length. Compared with other rorquals, the head is very broad. The blue whale heart is the size of a small car and can pump almost 10 tons of blood throughout the body. They have a very small, falcate (sickle-shaped) dorsal fin that is located near the fluke, or tail. Blue whales have long, thin flippers 8 feet (2.4m) long and flukes that are 25feet (7.6m) wide. The blue whale^s skin is usually blue-gray with white-gray spots. The underbelly has brown, yellow, or gray specks.